Supreme Court

Christian Sakhuaa Inlette Chu Scheduled Caste An Nihna A Bo Tawh, Hinduism, Sikhism leh Buddhism Sakhua Te Chauh Scheduled Caste Ni Thei

24/03/2026
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Supreme Court chuan Hinduism, Sikhism, emaw Buddhism sakhaw zawm te chauh, Scheduled Castes (SC) an nih theih thu an sawi. Justice PK Mishra leh Justice NV Anjaria te bench chuan he thubuai hi ngaihtuahin, mi tupawh heng sakhua ni lo, Christian sakhuaah emaw a inleh chuan Scheduled Caste(SC) nihna a hlauh theih thu an sawi a. Hemi avang hian sakhaw dang(Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist sakhua ni lo) a inlet te chu the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes(Prevention of Atrocities) Act hnuaiah a awm ve theih loh thu an sawi. He thubuai hi pastor pakhat, Chinthada Anand thehluh atanga lo awm a ni a. Ani hian a caste avanga tihreawmna leh thliarhranna a dawn thu sawiin, the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act hnuaiah thubuai a thehlut ta a ni. A thubuai thehluh atanga a landanin, police-te chuan FIR chu an register a. Nimhsela, he thubuaia thil tisualtua puh hian Andhra Pradesh High Court-ah he FIR hi a khinglet ta a ni.High Court chuan FIR chu a thiah sakin, pastor Anand-a chu Christian-a a inleh tawh avangin a SC nihna a bo tawh thu an sawi a. SC certificate lo nei pawh ni se, sakhaw danga a inleh hnu chuan a certificate chu a nun tawh loh thu an sawi a ni. Pastor Anand-a chuan High Court thutlukna hi Supreme Court-ah appeal a. Supreme Court chuan High Court thutlukna chu pawmpuiin, Christian sakhuaa an inleh hnu chuan SC nihna chu an nei tawh loh thu leh the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act in a huam theih loh thu an sawi bawk.Supreme Court chuan Clause 3 of the Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950-ah chuan Hinduism, Sikhism, emaw Buddhism sakhua te chauh hi Scheduled Castes an nih thu an tarlang a, Christian sakhuaa inlehna chuan Scheduled Caste nihna a tihbo thu an sawi.Supreme Court chuan sakhaw thlak hnu-a Scheduled Caste (SC) nihna chungchangah kaihhruaina mumal tak a siam a. Presidential Order-in a tarlan loh sakhuaa inlehna (conversion) chuan SC nihna a hloh pumhlum tir vek a, chutiang mite chuan SC nihna hmanga hamṭhatna leh venhimna an dil thei tawh lo tih a thutluknaah a tarlang a ni.Hemi bakah hian, sakhaw hlui zawm leh (reconversion) chungchangah court chuan tehna khauh tak a siam a; sakhaw hluiah khan an lêt leh ngei tih fiahna leh an khawtlang/khua leh tui (community)-in an pawm leh ngei tih fiahna a awm tur a ni tih a sawifiah bawk.Bench chuan,”Kristian sakhua hian a thurin bulpui aṭang rengin ‘caste’ (hnam inthliarna) hi a pawm lova, a keng tel bawk hek lo. Kristian-te lehkhabu thianghlim, Thuthlung Thar-ah chuan: ‘Juda mi emaw, Grik mi emaw an awm lo va, bawih emaw, bawih lo emaw an awm lo va, mipa emaw, hmeichhia emaw pawh an awm hek lo; Krista Isuaah chuan in vaiin pumkhat in ni si a,’ tiin a tarlang a. India rama Kristianna hi pawl (denominations) hrang hrangah a inṭhen a: Roman Catholic (Latin Church inkhawm dan leh thurin zui tute), Protestant pawl hrang hrang (Church of South India, Baptist, Lutheran, leh Pentecostal-te telin), leh hmânlai Syrian Christian khawtlangte an ni. Chutianga pawl hrang hrang lo awmte chu an thurin hrilhfiah dan te, an inkhawm dan leh biak dan (liturgical practice) te, leh kohhran inrelbawl dan (ecclesiastical governance) inan loh vang chauh a ni a. Chungte chu ‘caste’ anga inthliarhranna tarlangtu an ni lo,” tiin an sawi a ni.Pastor Anand-a ukil chuan Kristian sakhua a zawm tak avang maiin SC/ST Act hnuaia dikna a neih te a bo phah vek anga High Court-in a ngai kha thil tihsual lian tak a ni a. Hnam (caste) tih hi pianpui thil a ni a, sakhua thlak vanga bo mai thei a ni lo; sakhaw thlakna hian hnam khat nihna (social identity) leh hmanlai ațanga hnam hnuaihnung zawkte’n harsatna an lo tawh tawh thinte kha a nawt bo vek thei lo a ni tih a sawi bawk.Nimahsela, Justice Prashant Kumar Mishra leh Justice Manmohan-te chuan heti hian an sawi a:“…appellant (thubuai neitu) hi a pian tirhin Scheduled Caste hnuaia Madiga community-ah a piang ngei tih hi hnial rual a ni lo va. Chumi hnuah Kristian sakhua a zawm leh tih pawh hi rinhlelh rual a ni hek lo. A sakhua a thlak hnu pawha a pianna avanga Scheduled Caste nihna a la vawng nung reng anga a insawina hi chu pawm theih a ni lo. A chunga kan tarlan tawh anga thil kalhmang thlir hian, mi tu pawh Scheduled Caste anga pawm a nih dawn chuan, Hindu sakhua emaw, Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950-in a tarlan sakhua emaw a vuan tur a ni tih hi thil chiang a ni a. Appellant-in Kristian sakhua a zawm rual khan, Madiga community a nihna avanga caste status a lo hman tawh thin kha dan mithmuhah chuan a bo nghal a ni.”(www.jclalnunsanga.in) (He thubuai Chinthada Anand v. State Of Andhra Pradesh And Others [Neutral Citation: 2026 INSC 283] ah hian thubuai thehluttu tan Shashibhushan P. Adgaonkar, AOR. leh a leh lam tan Sr. Adv. Dvss Somayajulu,Sr.Adv.NachiketaJoshi leh ukil dangte an ding)Top of FormBottom of Form

Sheena Bora Tualthahna: Thla 9 Chhungin Thubuai Chingfel Turin Supreme Court-in Thupek A Chhuah

20/03/2026
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Ni 16, March 2026 khan Supreme Court chuan Sheena Bora tualthahna thubuai chu thla kaw chhunga chingfel vek turin thupek a chhuah a. He thupek hi Mumbai CBI Court, Special Judge-in a hun chhung pawh sei a dil anga pek a ni. Justice M. M. Sundresh leh Justice N. K. Singh-te chuan he mi hnuah hian hun pawhsei dang a awm tawh loh tur thu an sawi. Chutih rualin, Indrani Mukerjea chu ram pawn lama zin a duh a nih chuan dilna thar thehlut leh turin phalna an pe bawk.He thubuai hi kum 2012-a Sheena Bora thahna chungchang a ni a, a nu Indrani, a pasal hlui Sanjeev Khanna, a pasal Peter Mukerjea, leh an lirthei khalhtu Shyamvar Rai-te nen an thah anga puh a ni. Kum 2015 khan Indrani hi man a ni a, Sheena leh Rahul Mukerjea-te inzawmna avanga mimal harsatna neia tualthahna hi nei anga puh a ni. He thubuai hian phiarrukna, mi rukbo, leh tualthahna thubuai rit tak tak a keng tel a ni.Kum 2021 khan Indrani-i bail dilna chu Bombay High Court-in a lo hnawlsak tawh a, mahse kum ruk aia rei lung ina a tan hnuin kum 2022 khan Supreme Court-in bail a pe leh a. A ukil chuan he thubuai kalpui dan chu a muan thu leh, thuhretu tam tak zinga tlem te chauh zawhfiah an nih thu a sawi a. Court pawhin thubuai kalpui a nih dan chu a muang tih hriain, bail hi a pe ta a ni(www.jclalnunsanga.com)

Canara Bank-in USD 100,000 An Thawn Sual Avangin Zangnadawmna Pe Turin Supreme Court-in Hriattir

18/03/2026
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Ni 17, March khan Supreme Court chuan bank-in customer te’n tih dan tur an sawi chu dik takin an zui tur a ni a ti. He thubuai-ah hian Canara Bank chuan an customer-in pawisa thawnna tura a sawi ni lo hmun dangah USD 100,000 an thawn avangin mawhphurhna an neih ngei thu Court chuan an sawi a. Supreme Court hian Madras High Court thutlukna chu pawmpuiin, Archean Industries Pvt Ltd hnenah bank-in zangnadawmna an pek a ngaih thu an sawi. Judge-te chuan bank-in ama thuin thutlukna a siam thei lo va, customer-in tih dan tur a hrilh chu a thlak danglam tur a ni lo tih an sawi a ni.He thubuai hi kum 1998-a sumdawnna thil, Dubai company ‘Goltens’ nena inkungkaihna atanga inṭan a ni a. Goltens hian lawng pakhat an siam a, mahse siam man pek an ni lo va. Archean Industries chuan a siamna man thekhat chu an tum tur thu leh, he ba ṭhenkhat hi 'freight charges' hmanga pek an remti a, Canara Bank chu Goltens hnenah pawisa thawn turin an hrilh a. Mahse, bank chuan pawisa chu United States-a lawng neitupa (ship owner) account-ah a thawn ta zawk a. Bank hian an tisual tih hrilh an nih hnuah pawh an siamtha duh lo va, chu chuan he thubuai hi a hring chhuak ta a ni.Bank hian phalna hranpa an mamawh avanga thawn lo an nih thu leh inremna dang ang a an tih thu an sawi a, nimahsela Court chuan an thusawi hi a hnawlsak a ni. Bank chuan customer hrilh ang chuan a ti tur a ni a, a nih loh pawhin hriatfiah loh a neih chuan a zawtfiah tur a ni tih a sawi a. Court chuan Archean-in 'corporate guarantee' a siam chu dan ang thlapa pawm tlak a ni tih a sawi a, chuvangin pawisa chu a pe ngei tur a ni a. Bank tihsual a nih ang ngeiin, Archean hian bank hnen atangin pawisa chu a laksak leh thei a ni(www.jclalnunsanga)

FIR Ziah Luh Hmain Preliminary Enquiry Neih Hmasak A Ngai: Supreme Court-in BNSS Section 173(3) Hrilhfiah

18/03/2026
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Supreme Court chuan Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) 2023 hnuaia Section 173(3) hi complaint rintlak loh leh rinhlelhawm a lo awm a, FIR ziah luh nghal thin tihtawp nana duan a ni tih an sawi. Code of Criminal Procedure (CrPC) hlui nen a inan lohna chu, he dan thar hian hremna kum 3 leh kum 7 inkar peka, hrem theih thilahte chuan FIR ziah luh hmain thil awmzia finfiahna (preliminary enquiry) neih phawt a phal a ni. He dan hian puhna rintlak loh leh fiah lo tak vanga dan dik lo taka hman a nih loh nan a pui dawn tih Court chuan a sawi bawk.He thubuaiah hian Zee Media Corporation Limited-a thawk, senior official Ashish Dave a tel a. Company nena an inkarah harsatna a awm hnuin, a chungah bumna, dan lo a pawisa inhnehchhuhna(extortion), leh thuneihna hman dik loh puhna complaint thehluh a ni a. He complaint-ah hian Rajasthan Police-te chuan FIR an lo ziak lut a. Dave hian puhna chu dawt leh fiahna awm lo a ni tih sawiin a khing let a, mahse High Court chuan FIR chu tih tawp (cancel) a phal lo a ni.Supreme Court chuan he complaint-ah hian thil thleng dik tak tarlan a ni lo va, hun leh hmun chiangkuang a awm loh bakah, tu chungah nge he thil hi a thlen tih pawh hriat a ni lo tih a hmu chhuak a. Police-te pawh thil awmzia finfiah hmasa lova hma an la nghal vak chu a sawisel a. Court chuan FIR ziah luh hmain preliminary enquiry neih hmasak tur a ni tih a sawi a. An puhna te chu a fiah loh em avangin he thubuai kalpui zel hi intluktlan lohna leh dan bawhchhiatna a nih dawn avangin, Dave-a chunga FIR leh thubuai zawng zawng chu Court chuan a thiahsak ta a ni(www.jclalnunsanga.in)(He thubuai hi Ashish Dave vs. State of Rajasthan a ni)

Supreme Court-in High Court-ten Thutlukna Rang Taka An Puanchhuah Theih Nan Kaihhruaina Siam Dawn

17/03/2026
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Ni 16 (Thawhtanni) khan Supreme Court chuan thutlukna (judgment) puan hun tihkhawtlai thin titawp turin High Court-te hnenah kaihhruaina (guidelines) an siam tur thu an sawi. Chief Justice Surya Kant leh Justice Joymalya Bagchi te awmna bench chuan he thu hi an ngaihtuah hnuah an thutlukna chu mumal taka ngaihtuah a nih hnua siam turin a dah rih a. Court hian amicus curiae Fauzia Shakil-i rawtna siamte chu a ngaihtuah a, High Court-te chu chhanna pe turin a ngen bawk. Chief Justice chuan hetianga hma an lakna chhan hi judge-te thiam loh chantir duhna vang a ni lova, rorelnaa hmasawnna atan leh inrelbawl dan tihchak nana tih a ni zawk, tiin a sawifiah. Judge-ten a rual a thubuai tam tak chingfel tura hma an lak thin avangin, a chang chuan thutlukna puan hun hi khawtlai chang a awm thin a ni, a ti bawk.Amicus curiae chuan thutlukna khek (reserve) a nih atanga thla thum chhung ngeiin thutlukna hi puan chhuah thin nise, tiin rawtna a siam a. High Court-te chuan an website-ah thutlukna la puan hmabak (pending judgment) kimchangte, thutlukna puan tura khek thlengin an tarlang tur a ni bawk. Mimal zalenna nena inzawm thubuai, entirnan- bail dilna leh criminal appeal-te chu ngaihpawimawh hmasak bik tur a ni a. Thutlukna puan hun chu thla hnih aia rei a khawtlai chuan High Court Chief Justice hriattir tur a ni a, thla thum a pelh phei chuan thubuai chu judge dang kuta hlan te pawh thil theih a ni ang. He rawtnaah hian thutluknate chu mipui hma (open court)-a puan tur a ni a, darkar 24 chhungin online-ah upload tur a ni, tih a tel bawk.He thil hi Pila Pahan v. State of Jharkhand thubuaia ngenna lo awm atanga lo irhchhuak a ni a, hetah hian thiam loh chantir tawh thenkhat chuan Jharkhand High Court-ah an ngenna (appeals) chu kum tam tak chhung ngaihtuah lova a awm thu an thlen a. Hetianga rei lutuk a thutlukna puan hun pawh sei hian India Constitution-a Article 21 hnuaia nung dama awm tura dikna chanvo (right to life) leh rorelna chak taka dawn theihna dikna chanvo an neih kalhna a ni, tiin an sawi a. A hma pawhin Supreme Court hian ‘Anil Rai v. State of Bihar’ thubuai-ah thutlukna chu a hun taka puan a nih theih nan hetiang deuh bawk hian kaihhruaina a lo siam tawh a ni.(He thubuai hi W.P.(Crl.) No. 169/2025, Pila Pahan@Peela Pahan and Ors. v. State of Jharkhand and Anr. a ni)

Labour Law Hnuaia ‘Industry’ Awmzia Hrilhfiahna Siam That Chungchanga India Rama Thil Thleng Khat Supreme Court 9 Judge Bench-in Ngaihtuah Tan

17/03/2026
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India rama thil thleng khat Judge pakua thutna Supreme Court chuan labour law hnuaia “industry” awmzia chungchang thubuai pawimawh tak chu vawiin atangin a ngaihtuah tan a. Chief Justice Surya Kant-a hova judge pakua awmna Constitution Bench chuan vawiin khan he thubuai hi an ngaihtuah tan. He buaina hi State of Uttar Pradesh v. Jai Bir Singh thubuai atanga lo chhuak a ni a, hetah hian Court chuan a hmaa Bangalore Water Supply and Sewerage Board v. A. Rajappa thubuai-a thutlukna siam chu a dik leh dik loh a endik a. Kha thubuaiah khan, Court chuan hlawkna um miah lohna hna tam tak pawh huamtirin “industry” awmzia chu zau takin a lo hrilhfiah tawh a ni.Thubuai ngaihtuah a nih laiin, Attorney General chuan Bangalore thubuaia tehna (test) an lo zam chu a tlangpuiin a dik a, mahse a chang chuan a huam zau mah mah thin, tiin a sawi a. “Triple test” (tehna pathum) paltlang thei hna zawng zawngte chu industry anga ngaih vek ngawt tur a ni lo, a ti bawk. Judge-te chuan a hnu lama dan lo awm thar, entirnan Industrial Disputes (Amendment) Act, 1982 leh Industrial Relations Code, 2020 ten he hrilhfiahnaah hian nghawng an neih theih dan tur an sawiho bawk. Nimahsela, Court chuan 1982 amendment hi hman (enforce) a ni ngai lo tih leh 2020 Code hi dodal (challenge) mek a nih avangin innghahnan a hman thuah fimkhur a ngai tih a tarlang.Court chuan sorkar-in mipuite hamthatna atana a thil tihte chu industry anga ngaih tur a ni em tih chu a ngaihtuah tel a. Attorney General chuan chung thil tam takte chu Sorkar-in Constitution hnuaia a tih tur (constitutional duties) a nih avangin telh ve tur a ni lo, tiin a sawi. Judge-te chuan sorkar thuneihna sang ber hmanga a hnathawhte (“sovereign functions”) awmzia sawiho in, zau taka hrilhfiah tur nge zim tea hrilhfiah tur tih an sawi ho bawk. Tunlai khawvelah chuan sorkar hnathawh tam tak hi sumdawnna hna (commercial work) nen a inang hle a, mahse mipui nawlpui tana tih a ni zawk tih an tarlang a ni.Bangalore thubuaia “industry” hrilhfiahna zau lutuk avanga buaina a lo chhuah dan, thubuai tam tak leh thutlukna inang lo tak tak a thlen phah dante pawh Court chuan a enfiah bawk. Kum 2005 khan, hrilhfiahna chu a fiah tawk avangin leh judge-te zingah ngaihdan inang lo a awm avangin he thu hi bench lian zawk hnenah thlen a lo ni tawh a ni. Tun a judge pakua awmna bench hian tunlai sum leh pai dinhmun (economic conditions) leh hnathawktute leh a ruaitute hamthatna inbuktawk taka siam a ngaihna te ngaihtuah chungin, hrilhfiahna hlui chu hman chhunzawm tur nge thlak tur tih an ngaihtuah fel tawh dawn a ni(www.jclalnunsanga.in)(He thubuai hi C.A. No. 897/2002 State of UP vs. Jai Bir Singh a ni)

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